Teaching Numeracy in Pre-School and Early Grades in Low-Income Countries

This desk study addresses the development of numeracy in the early years of childhood and schooling in the context of low-income countries. The study considers different understandings of numeracy based on the traditional and more recent models of learning to present a three-dimensional model for the development of numeracy. Here, numeracy education is understood to consist of a wide variety of ‘contents’, including knowledge, skills and dispositions, needed to function in different ‘contexts’, including inside and outside the school, and for achieving different ‘aims’, including developing the learners’ identity and active participation in the world.